It has been proposed that the trimeric accessory protein HlyD forms a substrate-specific complex with the inner membrane protein HlyB, which subsequently recognizes the C-terminal signal peptide of HlyA.
Transmembrane helices created an approximate circular pattern to form a substrate binding cleft on one side of the membrane.
Failure of this proofreading process leads to mispair persistence, forming a substrate for MMR.
However, it may also occur because wild-type cells actively invade aganglionic bowel, forming a substrate for mutant cells to migrate via chain migration or migration along neurites.
These chains form a substrate for traveling waves in the juvenile cerebellum [ 6 ], which are observed during the first postnatal week when EGABA is depolarizing [ 6,7].
The cleavage mechanism typically employs two PNAs to mediate the induction of sequence-specific stretches of ssDNA in a dsDNA template that can form a substrate for a ssDNA-specific endonuclease.
In such a mechanism, the dAdo (generated from reductive cleavage of SAM at the site-differentiated Fe S cluster) abstracts an H-atom at the C13-position of the Mg-protoporphyrin-monomethyl ester, forming a substrate radical.
In the absence of a mitochondrial analogue to the bacterial tmRNA system that rescues stalled ribosomes (Keiler et al, 1996), PTH activity will be needed to liberate the peptide from the peptidyl-tRNA, forming a substrate that can be recycled.
This is a strong advantage of this proposal, in that it predicts a vast seed-bed of different degrees of mutualism across wide ranges of species, thus forming a substrate conducive to the evolution of a very large number of different types of symbiosis.
In short, CPGs (i) allow for production of stable rhythms (return after a disturbance), (ii) are suited for distributed implementation, (iii) require few control parameters (concerning, e.g., speed, type of gaits), (iv) are suited to integrate sensory feedback and (v) form a substrate for learning.
