Short transcripts, treated with Tobacco Acid Pyrophosphatase (TAP), were ligated to form a ladder of longer RNAs (Figure 7D).
In addition, complexes where multiple RAD52 heptamers were associated with the same ssDNA molecule formed a ladder of slower migrating RAD52 ssDNA complexes.
Under non-reducing conditions, rHA proteins typically migrate as monomers and cross-linked oligomers which form a ladder of higher molecular weight bands.
The fainter fragments formed a ladder of bands spaced at 135 bp intervals, indicating point mutations and/or variable number of A1/A2 subrepeats located downstream of the promoter [ 30, 34].
Further additions of half-sections to either of these section forms a ladder network which may start and end with series or shunt elements.
Once the set of high-intensity peaks is defined, their pair-wise mass differences are compared in a systematic enumeration with the masses of amino acids residues (to select pairs of peaks separated by the mass of any of the amino acids within a user-defined accuracy) and it is tested whether a subset of peaks forms a sequence ladder of the required minimal length.
The connection, which spans about 90 Å, forms a ladder with 4-nm periodicity.
However, the lysineless variants Ngn3KO and AcNgn3KO show both a ladder of poly-Ub forms and a prominent band running at approximately 35 kDa, the size at which native unconjugated Ngn3 migrates on SDS PAGE (Fig. 2A,C, arrow).
Ngn3 becomes extensively ubiquitylated after incubation in interphase extract, resulting in a ladder of poly-Ub forms of the protein with retarded migration on SDS PAGE, the most prominent rapidly migrating form running higher than the approx. 35 KDa of the unconjugated protein (Fig. 2A,B).
We analyzed this polymer rich layer by SDS‐PAGE using three methods of preparation, no heat denaturation in which the polymer is intact, limited heat denaturation (45 s at 95 °C) in which a ladder of oligomers is formed and full heat denaturation (5 min at 95 °C) in which mostly monomers are observed 12.
