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The hybrid membrane/shell method was employed to capture thickness effect while maintaining membrane formulation in the ideal forming theory.
This formulation has been used in connection with the ideal forming theory for predicting the initial blank shape of the specified products with defined thickness.
Here, we demonstrate the application of ideal forming theory to design sheet stretching processes that can produce the optimum shapes and thickness distributions from flat sheets of uniform thickness.
The direct design method based on ideal forming theory, which was successfully applied for the design of flat blanks for stamping processes, was extended for the design of non-flat preform for tube hydroforming processes.
In the ideal forming theory, each material element is prescribed to deform in a minimum plastic work path and ideal process is obtained when the deformations are most evenly distributed in the final products.
In this paper, a wrinkling wave function is proposed and a simplified wrinkling prediction model to predict the minimum bending radius for tubes is established based on thin-shell theory, forming theory, the energy principle and wave function.
Similar(53)
Ancient history had mainly been studied by starting with available physical evidence, like tombstones, and forming theories based on that evidence.
On the other hand, being based on philosophical phenomenology, it is not concerned with forming theories, and thus is not psychology.
Analogy is also a powerful tool in forming theories (Thompson 1942, p. 9n).
Construct validation involves forming theories about the attribute of interest – in this study lower extremity functional status – and testing the extent to which the measure of interest provides results consistent with the theories [ 25].
Therefore, it is imperative to move toward a deductive strategy by forming theories on the interaction between genes and environment, which not only stem from cG × E research, but also from literature on behavior development, genetics, and neurobiology.
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