Requirement 1.1.6 formerly required a quarterly review of all firewall, and router rules, and configurations.
Renaissance formerly required full payment for a cruise 120 days before sailing and kept the whole amount if the passenger canceled even 119 days in advance.
Drouot became a hot property under a French monopoly that formerly required all French auctioneers to sell through its 110 shareholders, who are also its auctioneers.
Computers are infinitely patient and accurate in comparing prices and opportunities, and now companies can provide a complete set of services to atomize the fixed costs formerly required for market entry.
Surveying of underwater features, or hydrographic surveying, formerly required techniques very different from ground surveying, for two reasons: the surveyor ordinarily was moving instead of stationary, and the surface being mapped could not be seen.
The invocation of the nuclear option — confirmation via a simple majority rather than the three-fifths vote formerly required to overcome a filibuster — should guarantee his appointment, which is obligatory if he is to be a Supreme Court nominee down the line.
SPICE has equations for transistors, capacitors, resistors, and other components, as well as for lengths of wires and for turns in wires, and it can reduce the calculation of circuit interactions to hours from the months formerly required for hand calculations.
"What formerly required significant overhead to be successful is now trivial," said Nicco Mele, who teaches classes on the Internet and politics at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, and is the author of the book "The End of Big: How the Internet Makes David the New Goliath".
At Réchicourt a new lock with a lift of 321/2 feet bypasses six locks and a winding section of the old canal; on the other side of the summit a new canal section bypasses 17 locks, which formerly required 8 to 12 hours to navigate.
Puffed up by their new-found autonomy, the local politicians did away with the civil-service controls that had formerly required projects to be professionally evaluated.Mr Zapatero refused to admit that Spain was living beyond its means until pressure from Brussels forced him to change course in May 2010.
Last November, a high school put a satellite up, and it won't be the last.Another is to show how modern tools, such as software-defined radios (in which a radio's capabilities are defined in computer software rather than in a specific piece of hardware), can be used in powerful ways that formerly required a massive capital infrastructure.
