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This circumstance was largely responsible for the former prevalence of cholera during the summer months, but chlorination of unfiltered water and cholera inoculation have reduced considerably the occurrence of the disease.
All populations at the end of Experiment 2 (generation 5200) are subjected to 200 generations of reintroduction of selective pressure to examine the likely rate of reemergence of the same phenotypic antibiotics resistance if previously used antibiotics are reused following an extended disuse as a result of former prevalence of resistant strains.
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For simplicity, throughout this paper we refer to distributions of the former as "prevalence" and distributions of the latter as "frequency".
From the former, the prevalence of chronic pain in the White, British Bangladeshi and Bangladeshi groups was 55, 54 and 72 %, respectively.
Data on China's adult population, current and former smoking prevalence, initiation and cessation rates, and past policy levels were entered into SimSmoke in order to predict past smoking rates and to project future status quo rates.
Compared with a previous, similar study in the Italian population [ 21] based on a survey conducted in 1983, the BMI distribution had changed substantially, with a former estimated prevalence of overweight or obesity of 34.1% and 21.3%, respectively, in men and women versus our estimates of 40.6% in men and 24.6% in women (in the 25 29.9-year age group).
The former had a prevalence of recorded chronic pericarditis of 3.1% (around 308,491 cases), whereas the latter had a recording prevalence of 0.019% (approximately 1,385 pigs) (unpublished data from The Veterinary Food Administration, Glostrup, Denmark).
The former Turkish headache prevalence study has been completed as a nationwide, randomized, home-based study of face-to-face examination by physicians trained for headache diagnosis by using ICHD criteria.
The former referred to prevalence of clinical disease, which is totally dependent on the farmer's diagnostic skills and prone to recall bias and misclassification.
During 2002 2007, the prevalence of former snus use among women who were former smokers was two-fold higher among 40- versus 50-year-olds, and thirty-fold higher compared to 60-year-olds during 1990 1995.
In order to use lifetime abstention as the reference, RRs for those studies that had current abstention as the reference were adjusted; for each sex, studies that had both current and lifetime abstainers were used to determine the overall prevalence of former drinkers among current abstainers and the RR of former drinkers relative to lifetime abstainers (weighted by precision).
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