Alternative measurement specifications of SES (reflective and formative) resulted in greatly different model parameters and fits.
The formative evaluation results showed that students in the traditional instruction class outperformed those in the BYOD instruction class because several BYOD students were not familiar with the BYOD approach.
The purpose of this study was to develop a mobile learning community through formative intervention.As results, four components of mobile learning community were human factors, learning subjects, mobile technological supporting systems, and human supporting systems.
Interviews with practitioners are semi-structured, using an interview guide developed from formative research results.
The present study investigates student perceptions of such a system and the relationship between formative feedback results and exam performance.
The formative research results are presented in thematic areas that most directly influenced the development of the interventions, namely motivation, retention, performance, community issues and influence, and challenges.
Examples of how formative evaluation results will be used include development of FAQs, modification of the tool interface and/or content, and development of resources to facilitate workflow changes.
This paper describes how two interventions were designed by the Innovations at Scale for Community Access and Lasting Effects (inSCALE) project to address these constraints in Uganda and Mozambique drawing on behavioural theory and formative research results.
