This observed change in variant pairing tendency is discussed in relation to the well-known morphological transition from lath to plate martensite in Fe C alloys and the formation of packets and plate groups.
The formation of packets, biseriate parts of a filament and branching have rarely been reported in Klebsormidium (Ettl & Gärtner, 1995; Lokhorst, 1996).
In networking, altruism has been modeled as a user's statically personalized weight on the utility of others in games of network formation [18], packet forwarding in delay tolerant networks [19], routing [20, 21], and medium access control by us in [22].
Investigation of species of Coleochaete cultivated under conditions simulating the terrestrial habitat (on solid medium and on sand grains) showed the formation of packet-like cell aggregates instead of the typical radial thalli (Graham et al., 2012).
At the MAC layer, local time information at a sender node is clocked and incorporated into a packet during packet formation.
To induce sexual spheroids, 0.1 0.2 mL of the sexual inducer (supernatant of the male culture after the formation of sperm packets) and ca. 0.5 mL of an actively growing female or male strain were added to 11 mL of fresh VTAC medium in a tube and placed at 25 °C with a 14 10 h LD cycle.
In general, the formation of cell packets and cubic aggregations is typical for many terrestrial algae, and is related to a reduction of the cell surface area subject to evaporation (Nienow, 1996; Karsten et al., 2010).
This elongation may be advantageous for insemination over ovoid nucleus since it facilitates sperm movement through the female gonopore and within the female reproductive tract, increasing directional movement toward female gonopore, and facilitating the formation of sperm packets to be moved by the male urogenital papilla to the female urogenital pore [ 23].
In this way, Martin's successful single-particle model has been extended to incorporate packet formation; only one extra parameter is introduced - the packet renewal frequency, f.
By the completion of the routing-tree formation task, a packet routing topology that has a tree-like structure with the sink being its root, has been generated.
