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The phenomenon of bio-pitting — the formation of pits in sizes ranging up to 2 cm in diameter and depth in stone — is caused mainly by black fungi.
This process often results in the formation of pits, or weak spots, when the metal cools and hardens unevenly while building up the layers.
The SEM images revealed the formation of pits with lacy covers at the surface during initial stages of the dissolution.
As the corrosion proceeds, electrochemical polarity converts between Mg2Si and α(Al), which results in the corrosion of Al matrix with the formation of pits.
Subsequently, electrolyte that penetrated through these cracks promoted the formation of pits beneath the coating, which served as preferred sites for failure initiation.
The formation of pits observed on the lap joints marked as stress concentration points which are detrimental toward the shear strength.
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On the basis of the stress intensity factors analysis it has been established, that the surface cracks located near the contact zone edges and oriented to an unloaded body surface are most favorable for formation of pitting.
Therefore, the size effect of surface roughness can be attributed to the formation of pit defect and deep groove on the finished surface at large feed rate and the protrusion of hard inclusion from the finished surface at low feed rate.
The significant increase in the number of current and potential fluctuations in EN measurements indicates that hydrogen increases the number of active sites for formation of metastable pits, which are precursors of stable pits.
We suggest that this higher value of Ea,app represents the slow formation of etch pits into the (0 0 1) surface.
A modified diffusion controlled model is suggested to explain the formation of oblate pits.
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