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The entanglement of prolonged filaments leads to the formation of pellets in submerged fermentations as a result of the aggregation of spores and/or hyphae.
Concerning macroscopic morphology, the production of an adhesive compound could be one of the reasons for the initial aggregation of conidia to form pellet nuclei, enabling the further formation of pellets by the subsequent aggregation of small clamps of germinated conidia (Prosser and Tough 1991).
However, with an initial substrate concentration of 80 g/L, there was observed the formation of pellets and the entire population of fungi was characterized by filamentous growth.
The cultures in which pH was adjusted only by adding NaOH caused the formation of pellets, while the cultures in which only CaCl2 was added did not form any pellets.
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We observed a unique phenomenon: the budding of co-culture pellets and the formation of satellite pellets that separate from the main pellet.
The formation of the pellets and the interactions of the components were evaluated via mechanical, dissolution and morphological studies on the pellets.
The addition of spores at pH 3.0 resulted in the formation of small pellets (2.15 ± 0.11 mm) as observed in the previous sections.
In addition, it was observed that peptone induced filamentous forms of mycelia during the cultivation process, whereas the other three nitrogen sources induced the formation of fluffy pellets.
The differentiation during the formation of mycelial pellets also has marked effects on enzyme production.
Only the cultures with an initial pH of 3 showed obvious formation of fungal pellets; therefore, an initial pH of 3 was chosen as one of the cultivation conditions in the subsequent experiments conducted to study fungal pellet formation.
The use of high relative centrifugal forces will lead to the formation of compacted pellets; however the resuspension of these may expose cells to high levels of mechanical agitation, leading to a loss in cell integrity (Katkov & Mazur, 1998).
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