It is supposed that the reason for this effect is the formation of pairs of Frenkel defects.
Naturally this is a trivial limit that is typically not reached in experiments, and we go beyond this below by considering situations where the amplitude for particles to be found on neighbouring sites is non-zero in the initial state, and light scattering can lead to the formation of pairs consisting of a doubly occupied site and a hole (unoccupied site).
These displays may signal aggression or submission or may contribute to the formation of pair-bonds.
However, the formation of paired receptor genes might also occur by an illegitimate recombination between sister chromatids.
This dysregulation causes abnormal tau phosphorylation and finally formation of paired helical filaments, the typical tau pathology.
A countermeasure against downregulation of immune responses by pathogens via inhibitory receptors has been observed with other receptor systems: the formation of paired activating receptors.
In the brain, abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau leads to the formation of paired helical filaments (PHFs), the main components of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (Grundke-Iqbal et al., 1986).
Any attempt to manually formulate the complex model of tetraploid meiosis presented here—one that is consistent with postulated mechanistic behaviors such as the formation of pairing-partner switches would be doomed.
Such abnormal hyperphosphorylated tau is a major event involved in the formation of paired helical neurofibrillary tangles in the AD brain (Mandelkow and Mandelkow, 1998; Spillantini and Goedert, 1998; Smith et al., 2002; Iqbal et al., 2005).
The separation of the nasal placodes from the hypophyseal placode, and the subsequent formation of paired nasal placodes from a single median anterior nasal placode are considered as major events leading to the evolution of jaws, as this could have freed the anterior migration of the premandibular neural crest to form the palatoquadrates [ 2, 47- 50].
