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Subsequently, the data files were initially mapped with JoinMap 4.0 (Van Ooijen 2006) with respect to verification of segregation patterns, the formation of linkage groups, and the preliminary map position of the markers on the chromosomes using the default grouping settings and the maximum likelihood mapping algorithm.
Theoretical studies have shown that the formation of linkage between the sex-determining locus and autosomal genes under sexually antagonistic selection has significant consequences on both population fitness and sex chromosome evolution (Charlesworth and Charlesworth 1980; van Doorn and Kirkpatrick 2007).
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Network-style formation of linkages (and bridges) across organizations and sectors: Cross-employment supports the formation and advancement of networks and network linkages between organizations (institutions).
13C NMR spectra of the model compounds demonstrated the formation of linkages of sym-triazine rings, pyrimidine structures, pyridine structures and dioxazine structures.
High institutional proximity negatively affects the formation of linkages in advanced stages of the cluster life-cycle (Molina-Morales et al. 2015).
Particularly, their results support the hypothesis that Arg177, Lys214, and His215 form a highly conserved, core set of charged amino acid residues in GH3 enzymes, involved in the formation of linkages with the substrate.
In PRPs, Tyr residues allow the formation of linkages by peroxidase-mediated oxidative coupling between Tyrs, Tyr and lignin, and/or Tyr and pectic polymers.
For example, "Countries should discuss and find ways of collaboration and formation of linkages and support with National HIV/AIDS program in order to enhance the implementation of IMCI algorithm which includes HIV/AIDS" [ 11].
The formation of urethane linkage during the prepolymer reaction and the urea linkage between prepolymer and the dendrons is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Formation of this linkage was the only one not previously assigned (Hu et al. 2013), strengthening the prediction for the Gtr59 linkage assignment in K12.
In addition, the appearance of an intense absorption peak (C-O, 1,164cm−1) indicated the formation of ester linkage between GnPs and MWCNTs-PACl.
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