What makes these shorelines unique, however, is their role as distinctive time markers, allowing the order of formation of landforms and sediments to be construed with unprecedented detail.
The dramatic climatic and environmental changes that occurred at the end of the last glaciation led to the formation of landforms (e.g., moraines, fluvial ridges, and alluvial terraces) that strongly characterize the landscape in the alluvial plains facing the Alps.
It begins with a brief discussion of the difficulties of determining processes of formation for landforms, which are not seen in formation.
We here present detailed sedimentological results from the lateral moraines of Findelengletscher in SW Switzerland to gain new insights into the formation of these landforms.
Different denudational processes like sheet, rill and gully erosion together with the river bank erosion and mass wasting processes on the hill slopes are responsible for the formation of denudational landforms.
We suggest that the formation of UBD landforms is related to the disintegration of the megalake Jilantai-Hetao and to summer monsoon changes during the last glaciation and Holocene.
The formation of this landform, whether from fluvial or glacio-fluvial processes, has been debated in the literature.
Within riparian corridors, Salicaceae trees and shrubs affect hydrogeomorphic processes and lead to the formation of wooded fluvial landforms.
In order to study the formation of the debris landforms in more detail geomorphological field investigations, sedimentological studies, a comparison of satellite images, an analysis of historical data and interviews with the local inhabitants have been carried out.
EWEs seem to control the formation of coastal sedimentary landforms to a certain extent, as already been emphasised by Scheffers (2004), 2005), Morton et al. (2008), Scheffers et al. (2009), and Watt et al. (2010), and thus, they shift ecological and morphodynamic boundary conditions of the circumlittoral bokas.
The formation of the staircase landform is believed to be closely related to the discontinuous and differential uplift of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, which greatly affected tectonic movements in the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, forming mountains and deep valleys and rearranging major river drainages [ 50, 51].
