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The formation of chromium nitride and iron nitride was discussed in terms of thermodynamics.
Formation of chromium nitride CrN and iron nitride α-Fex(x>8 N was confirmed.
The strengthening mechanism was attributed to the formation of chromium carbides along with CrNbN.
The formation of chromium nitride was detected for several microns beneath the film.
The standard free energy of formation of chromium oxide is much lower than that of any oxide of copper, tin, lead or iron, i.e. the metals known to have been smelted in Qin China.
The effects of the deposition parameters on the formation of chromium carbides were investigated in this study.
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The precipitation of titanium carbides reduces the formation of chromium-rich carbides, which occurs at lower concentrations.
This behavior is attributed to the sensitization by the formation of chromium-depleted zone resulted from the precipitation of CrN.
The results from initial detailed characterization indicate that rejection of chromium at the metal-oxide interface gives rise to the formation of chromium-rich precipitates in the alloy, which apparently modify its oxidation behavior.
The present paper shows the results of the tests carried out on the process of nitride layer formation on chromium steel with various kinds of structure (austenitic and/or ferritic).
In the SMAT sample, the formation temperature of chromium compounds was found to be much lower and the amount of chromium carbides was higher than those in the coarse-grained counterpart.
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