Sentence examples for formation of charged from inspiring English sources

Spectroelectrochemical investigation of electro-oxidation products suggested the formation of charged species like polarons or bipolarons.

Cyclization, which occurs with formation of charged linear byproducts, was confirmed by GPC, FTIR, MALDI-ToF and NMR spectroscopy.

It has been reported that formation of charged defects would occur in SiN x films after high-temperature annealing owing to the removal of hydrogen atoms [24, 25].

The polymers showed electrochromism and changed the color from pale yellow to blue by application of voltage, presumably caused by the formation of charged polaron at the Cz and TPA moieties.

That would thus explain the formation of charged fragments c and d (Fig.  1b).

The formation of charged species upon dissociation of the hydroxyl group is not favored in such an environment.

While in space, the Russian astronauts will study the effects of long space flight on the survivability of insects, and the crystalline formations of charged particles in plasma under low gravity conditions.

In order to investigate this transition behavior the formation energies of charged oxygen and aluminum vacancies at Al2O3 grain boundaries were evaluated using density functional theory.

The increasing pH of the sol assisted the formation of negatively charged iron gels and the adsorption of positively charged Sr ions on iron gels.

On one hand, the dissociated carboxyl groups of the polymer, which undergo the direct binding to the solid surface cause increase of the solid surface charge (usually anionic compounds adsorption forces the formation of positively charged groups on the surface).

Apart from finding an optimum temperature of 200 250 °C for the 1-3-5-10 liquid matrix (sExperimentaltal Section), the data also suggest that the formation of singly charged ions is far less affected by the temperature than the formation of multiply charged species.