Previously, we estimated the steady-state frequency of proliferating E. coli with one or more spontaneous DSBs to be between 0.5% and ∼2.1%, and from this derived rates of formation of break-carrying cells between 0.25% to ∼1% per generation (Pennington and Rosenberg, 2007).
A third non-exclusive possibility is that FA proteins prevent formation of breaks in mitosis via the resolution of topological entanglements between partially replicated sister chromatids (discussed below).
To confirm that DNA damage response activation in mismatch repair-deficient cells occurs due to formation of breaks in the genome after NEU damage, we investigated the formation of γH2AX foci in DLD1 cells after exposure to NEU.
Electron microscopy images indeed showed that killerFLIP-E rapidly induced formation of breaks in the plasma membrane of killerFLIP-E-sensitive Jurkat cells but not in resistant MCF7 cells.
In addition, pressure elevation in the pulmonary circulation and mechanical stresses applied to the lung (during mechanical ventilation, for example) may cause "stress failure" in lung capillaries and alveoli, as evident in the formation of breaks and discontinuities in the endothelial and epithelial membranes of the blood gas barrier [ 4].
On the other hand, intraoperative 360° laser during vitrectomy can treat unseen breaks or prevent formation of new breaks and prevent retinal detachment after vitrectomy.
If inactivation of DUT1 in Arabidopsis leads to the formation of DNA breaks, and if this causes RAD51 induction, these breaks could be repaired by HR.
The CO adsorbed IR suggests that the formation of Pd3Fe breaks the ensemble of Pd, which is responsible for the increase of selectivity.
A later study detected a similar degree of DNA damage in PBS and aqueous solution; however, the formation of strand breaks in supercoiled DNA was slower in PBS than in water.
The role of the ascorbate/Cu(ii) system on the formation of strand breaks in poly adenylic acid) (polyA), was studied by conductivity measurements in aqueous solution at pH 7.2 and 3.5 under aerobic conditions.
It has been previously suggested that transcription can promote the formation of DNA breaks along the sequence being transcribed [28], providing a possible basis for the involvement of Alus in the initiation of NHEJ.
