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The response format of the items varies from two to six response categories.
The high ceiling effects in the two role functioning scales (RP 79%; RE 77.3%) could be explained, at least partly, by the dichotomous format of the items comprising these scales.
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The response format of the item is dichotomous (yes/no).
The answering formats of the items ranged from 1 = never to 4 = always.
The final draft of the K-REC instrument was distributed to three senior academics with expertise in research methods and EBP and two entry-level physiotherapy students at the University of South Australia to review the clarity and formatting of the items and instructions.
Because the low end of the scale indicates a neutral response, the response format of these items can be considered as strictly unipolar according to the response format typology of Russel and Carroll [45].
The pharmacists completed the same task as to the pertinence of the items in the discharge prescription but were also asked to make qualitative comments on the format of these items.
The panel were asked to comment on the terminology used, response format, order of the items, length of the questionnaire and the readability.
The format of the ACORNS items was: "A species of X [plants or animals] lacks Y. How would biologists explain how a species of X [with or without] Y evolved from an ancestral X species [without or with] Y?" (X = Snail/Rose/Penguin/Elm and Y = poison/thorns/flight/winged seeds).
The format of the 87 items resembles the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID; [ 22, 23]).
Items with good content related validity and good psychometric properties (see below) in the test sample (n = 313) were retained for the final format of the 15-items USEI.
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