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28 This Spanish version of the MMSE has met standard criteria for development of translated tests, including formal translation, back-translation, and consensus by committee for final item content.
Karen Adam Bohley, English trainer at a major automotive supplier in Coburg, sums up the situation in the corporate language training sector: "We make use of the students' mother tongue in class and use source material in the home language, but draw the line at formal translation exercises.
Both its awards were given for more obscure work on arcane but important aspects of quantum theory.The physics prize went to Robert Laughlin of Stanford University, Horst Störmer of Columbia University, and Daniel Tsui of Princeton "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations", as the formal translation of the even more formal Swedish citation puts it.
And they should definitely consider formal translation training--it is the best, and certainly the fastest, way to develop professional-grade skills.
Like this study, the contribution of our work is to propose a formal translation of two types of UML diagrams and to establish relationships between them according to the UML metamodel.
The field team also undertook formal translation training on quality assurance, for example they were tasked with keeping a 'vocabulary book' to record local terminologies.
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Those who are so inclined may verify their validity by means of the formal translations.
Formal translations were obtained for two non-English publications.
In the early stages of the project, the same process was followed to obtain formal translations and back-translations of the informed consent forms in the local dialects of West Africa (particularly in Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, and Ghana).
Instrumentation was developed in English and translated into Bahasa Malaysia, and although formal back translation was not undertaken, the intent and precise meanings of terms were discussed at length and pre-tested during the course of training.
In a text that weaves O'Hare's contemporary American vernacular with the high lyricism of a formal English translation and moments of passionate Greek, he infuses the story with a desperate urgency.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com