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However, lack of formal, substantive professional development (PD) focused on teaching for TAs represents a stark contrast to the state license requirements K 12 teachers must attain to teach in public schools (Tanner and Allen, 2006).
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Here Wolff defines perfection in both formal and substantive terms: formally, simply as the order or harmony of the parts in a whole; but substantively, as the suitability of that order or harmony of parts for achieving the aim that is intended for the whole, such as accurately telling time in the case of a clock.
The use of transformational grammar in language analysis assumes a certain number of formal and substantive universals.
I hesitate to say too much, since the movie is built around a series of formal and substantive revelations that must be seen to be believed.
And he had challenged the structuralists' insistence upon the uniqueness of every language, claiming instead that all languages were, to a considerable degree, cut to the same pattern they shared a certain number of formal and substantive universals.
In 2004, Tom Calma, then Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social justice commissioner, explained the difference between formal and substantive equality: [I]f there are two people stuck down two different wells, one of them is 5m deep and the other is 10m deep, throwing them both 5m of rope would only accord formal equality.
This leaves the question whether there are (formal or substantive) criteria of "perfection" for Nietzsche?
Formal and substantive equality of opportunity ideals require more than avoidance of discrimination.
But under libertarian labor markets, neither formal nor substantive equality of opportunity is required.
The society might perfectly conform both to formal and substantive equality of opportunity.
The term "meritocracy" is sometimes used to refer to a society that fulfills formal and substantive equality of opportunity norms.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com