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We exploit longitudinal, nationally-representative information on household heads who are formal, informal, or switch status at least once in our data.
Subject areas include sections on marine science education in formal, informal and community settings.
We explore the effects of different enforcement mechanisms, including formal, informal, and both together, on individual compliance behavior under a system of territorial use rights in fisheries (TURFs).
Although many variations were found according to whether the standards were formal, informal or proprietary, several strong general findings emerged also.
Each pattern influences children education, whether formal, informal or nonformal.
How these features are mirrored in formal, informal, or not formal settings?
Similar(28)
Organizations, initiatives, and actors from different sectors of non-formal, informal, and formal education seek to further establish and diffuse the concept of ESD worldwide.
Given this evidence on formal-informal segmentation, informality unlikely affected our analysis of the separations data.
I show that the multiple coal worlds are neither tiered in a hierarchical manner, nor'parallel' in the sense of dualism implied in a simplified formal-informal dichotomy.
Rather, the formal-informal joint channel is used most frequently.
3The formal-informal distinction is made on the basis of registration in any social security institution.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com