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Industry is also changing though by formal indicators, the change is the least visible.
During the study period, the implementation rate, as measured by formal indicators [ 39], increased from 22% at the beginning of the study to 67% after one year, 73% after two years, and 77% after three years [ 36].
There are several formal indicators that can predict abrupt changes in the behaviour of a nonlinear dynamic system: increased autocorrelations, increased variance and prolonged periods of recovery after a perturbation [ 10, 9].
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Assessing the full panoply of formal economic indicators and statistics, the book also considers human factors uniquely important to development.
Asia overtakes Europe, in beer termsCHINA'S remarkable growth is as apparent in beer consumption as it is in more formal economic indicators.
Although the number of stories is still lower than before previous recessions, the recent jump if sustained for a quarter—is similar to that which preceded the 2001 downturn.Other, more formal recession indicators are flashing, if not yet red.
Observed sensitivity and positive predictive values of administrative data algorithms for HAI detection were very heterogeneous and generally modest at best, both for within-hospital algorithms and for formal quality indicators; accuracy was particularly poor for the identification of device-associated HAI such as central line associated bloodstream infections.
The innovative interest in the presented paper is the use of obtained graphical non-linear behavioral model not only for simulation but for diagnosability analysis (Which faults can be detected and isolated before design) and formal fault indicators generation without need of calculation.
Furthermore, the causal and structural properties of the bond graph model are used not only for system dynamics simulation but also to design Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) algorithms (i.e. the generation of formal fault indicators) for online supervision of faults affecting sensors, actuators, physico-chemical components and phenomena.
Table 2 lists the 28 studies [13 40] that assessed specific components of headache care associated with quality, without employing formal quality indicators.
Formal criteria, indicators or patterns upon which some sort of comparison could be based on are lacking.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com