There are three forms of translocation phenomena in sepsis: translocation in a proximal way to the small intestine, in the lymphatic way to peritoneal exudates and lymphatic collectors, and to the portal vein and hepatic circulation.
We interpreted these data as a form of 'slipstream' translocation: downstream proteins, without signals, were translocated through a translocon pore already formed by the signal sequence at the N-terminus of the polyprotein.
Although this fish pathogen has been described as non-motile, all strains tested exhibit twitching motility, a flagella-independent type IV-dependent form of bacterial translocation over surfaces.
S motility in M. xanthus is mechanistically equivalent to twitching motility, the flagella-independent form of bacterial translocation over moist surfaces employed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoeae [7].
Twitching motility, a flagella-independent form of bacterial translocation, occurs by successive extension and retraction of polar type IV pili [ 47].
An rhlA mutant was also reported to display reduced twitching motility, a form of surface translocation requiring type IV pili but not flagella (Pamp and Tolker-Nielsen 2007).
Indeed, our morphological data suggest that RINs initially undergo a form of somal translocation similar to that of young RGCs and photoreceptors (Randlett et al., 2011b; Suzuki et al., 2013; Zolessi et al., 2006).
This showed 29 genes with significant differences in expression, also relatively low in expression, consistent with the previous comparison and our interpretation that the different forms of chromosomal translocation did not affect significant differences in mechanism of transformations or the type of cell being transformed.
However, the retention of telomere proximal sequences in the form of a reciprocal translocation chromosome (Figure 2) in a significant fraction of the recombinants suggests that crisis-associated translocations need not arise exclusively from exonucleolytic degradation from the telomere.
