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As it happens, Shulsky himself explored that question in a 1999 essay, written with Gary Schmitt, entitled "Leo Strauss and the World of Intelligence (By Which We Do Not Mean Nous)" — in Greek philosophy the term nous denotes the highest form of rationality.
The suggestion is that we would be better off presupposing a more minimal form of rationality.
In the modern era, this form of rationality has widely been viewed as the single unproblematic requirement of practical reason.
The assumption, one arguably bequeathed to the Western philosophical tradition through Latin Medieval school forms, is that "straightforward argument" is not itself a style, rhetoric, and/or genre but the pure form of rationality and, hence, philosophy.
The problem with the western philosophical tradition is that it constructs a view of rationality that is in compliance with the oppressive function of rationality or the form of rationality that supports domination.
In Italy and elsewhere this form of rationality has been a very strong foundation of the heroic era of planning, until the early 1970s, and was perfectly compatible with the architectural roots of urban planning.
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All the forms of rationality so far considered involve proceeding from one belief to another.
Despite their differences, the various forms of rationality share one important trait: they involve propositional attitudes, particularly belief and desire.
The late 20th and early 21st centuries in the Islamic world have been a graveyard of many forms of rationality, but most notably of scepticism.
Other forms of rationality are nothing like this at all.
Thus, various forms of rationality become essential to the social sciences, because of the nature of the social domain.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com