However, other philosophers treat "esteem" and (appraisal) "respect" as synonyms, and Darwall (2004) calls appraisal respect a form of esteem.
From this perspective, mass unemployment, for instance, is a social pathology because it denies this form of esteem to large parts of the population.
Within the theoretical social support framework, this form of esteem or appraisal support serves to encourage the adolescent, build on her confidence and to verify her independence and decision making [ 36].
18 The ERI model puts emphasis more on the reward rather than the control structure of work, suggesting that mental distress and its health correlates arise when a high degree of effort is not adequately rewarded in the form of pay, esteem, status consistency or career opportunities.
Of these, one important group (consisting of courage, magnanimity, ambition, and others) is based on, or may even be a form of, self-esteem: "[W]hatever we call heroic virtue, and admire under the character of greatness and elevation of mind, is either nothing but a steady and well-established pride and self-esteem, or partakes largely of that passion.
We must let all men know that self-control and a healthy form of self-esteem is an option.
This claim, though at first sight Hobbesian, is however not at all of a Hobbesian stripe, for Campbell holds that the self-love that motivates us to perform a virtuous act takes the form of a desire for esteem, where the desired esteem derives from our gratification of another person's self-love.
Self-esteem was assessed by an empirically abbreviated form of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.
The authoritarian style, on the other hand, has been linked to emotional maladjustment (in the form of depression, low self-esteem or low self-confidence) (Garber, Robinson, & Valentiner, 1997).
According to the Effort-Reward Imbalance model, workers with high effort/low reward experience high physical and psychological demands at work without the benefit of rewards in the form of financial gain (adequate salary), self-esteem (respect and support from colleagues and superiors), and/or safety and opportunities (promotion prospects, job security, and social status).
They offered him several opportunities in the form of scholarships to attend their esteemed academy.
