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San Mauro et al. [ 29] also indicated that the evidence for this model in the form of duplicated genes that either remain functional or have become pseudogenes in the process of being eliminated is rather limited.
The dataset was then screened for redundancy in the form of duplicated reads, an artifact that is believed to be caused by multiple beads within a single PCR-reaction and/or empty wells in the fiber-optic slide [ 45].
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Finally, in the subset of paralog genes, we formed pairs of duplicated genes composed of the gene without intron inserted within UTRs and the gene with an intron inserted within either the 5′- or the 3′-UTRs.
For example, in a toroidal space, travel on a geodesic would bring one back to one's starting point, which, Reichenbach argues, would require either abandoning Euclid or else allowing "causal anomalies" in the form of duplicate worlds at regular distances from one another.
The metabolic model contains redundancy in the form of duplicate genes, alternative reactions, or alternative pathways.
We considered the possibility that this observation could, at least partially, be explained by direct backups in the form of duplicate (i.e. paralogous) genes, and searched for duplicates in the yeast genome (see Methods).
Thus, comparative genomic analysis of human, fugu and zebrafish suggests that FrRUNT may be a derivative form of a duplicated RUNX2 gene.
Most of these differences could be accounted for by examining the homeologous linkage groups in rainbow trout; simply, genotyping efforts in both species might have amplified alternative forms of a duplicated locus.
Genes doubled by allopolyploidy may, in principle, evolve independently or they may interact, thereby evolving in a "concerted" fashion, mediated by gene conversion or other forms of duplicate gene sequence homogenization.
Fig. 5 Fates of duplicated genes.
Complex conditional statements are also a form of duplication and may indicate that multiple clients have to duplicate actions that should belong to the target class.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com