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The developed RTC unit is a three-layer tuning fork structure with ten pieces of single-layer piezoelectric sheets as driving elements.
CPT causes replicative stress that can alter DNA replication fork structure (Koster et al. 2007; Ray Chaudhuri et al).
In the density of the pre-accommodation complex (Kaur et al, 2006), the fork structure extends to the TLD in the A/T position, whereas in the density we have now obtained, the fork structure extends to a ligand at the ribosomal P site.
We show that tmRNA maintains a stable 'arc and fork' structure on the ribosome when its TLD moves to the ribosomal P site and translation resumes on its ORF.
This is in contrast to a previous study by Dupaigne et al. [14] and could not be simply explained by the requirement for an ssDNA region as we also observed high efficiency in unwinding the fork structure.
Our results show that, similar as in the pre-accommodation complex, the tmRNA forms a stable, albeit differently positioned 'arc and fork' structure on the ribosome at this point.
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However, 5′ ssDNA overhangs could in principle occur at stalled replication fork structures (Supplementary Figure S15B) or Okazaki fragments.
Recombinant HsGEN1 1-527), a fragment similar to the originally identified truncation, readily cleaves 5′ flaps and model replication fork structures (Rass et al. 2010).
The ability of Srs2 to dissociate fork structures in all three directions indicates that its initial orientation of binding is not determined by an asymmetry of the junction.
WRN helicase unwinds replication fork structures very efficiently (Mohaghegh et al 2001), acting to resolve the block and/or in the replication restart process (Rodríguez-López et al 2003).
To date, two DnaB helicase-recruiting pathways are known: PriA-PriB-DnaT-DnaC-dependent and PriC-DnaC-dependent systems; the former system uses fork structures without gaps in the leading strand, whereas the latter system preferentially uses fork structures with large gaps (>5 nucleotides) in the leading strand [ 3].
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