It is our duty to develop and maintain healthy forests with vitality, which produce maximum benefits of various functions including the maintenance of biodiversity.
The heart of the North American boreal forest is losing vitality.
Finally, future models should encompass a broader set of output variables that are associated with forest resources, trees/stand vitality and stability, production and regeneration, biological diversity and the fulfilment of additional functions such as protection and socio-economic uses.
Climatic fluctuation and extremes, however, have been recognized as the main powerful factors that drive spatial distribution and temporal changes of forest tree health, vitality, and productivity (Carnicer et al. 2011; Ferretti et al. 2014; de la Cruz et al. 2014; Bussotti et al. 2015; Popa et al. 2017).
Lastly, if the current hydrological conditions are maintained (i.e. an increase in the flood rate), one can expect a nutrient storage depletion that could restrict the regeneration of forest stands and the vitality of riverside ecosystems.
In the long term, a permanent exceedance of N inputs in combination with other factors such as pest infestations, droughts or frost periods can lead to a reduced vitality of forest ecosystems, changes in rather endemic species composition and to a limited self-regulation [4, 14, 17, 25 28].
It also maintains the vitality of forests and provides resilience to stresses such as pests and diseases.
Doing so could contribute to lifting close to a billion people out of poverty, as well as improve the health and vitality of forests.
Q2: What is meant by an "impact that significantly affects the health and vitality of the forest"?
