Improving farming techniques, protecting forests, reforestation and restoring riverbanks in the watersheds of the Cantareira water system on which the city depends together have the potential to cut sediment and pollutants in the city's water supply by 10% and reduce treatment costs by 5%.
The main changes in land use associated with significant fluxes of carbon are harvesting of forests, reforestation or afforestation, and clearing of forest for agricultural lands and pasture.
For this, we collected data in five different agroforestry landscapes: primary and secondary forests, reforestations of teak and fig, and pasture.
Conservation programs in this region revolve around protection of existing forest and reforestation of converted lands.
Using a case-study approach, topics covered include patterns of biodiversity, tropical forest dynamics, reforestation, species interactions and coevolution, climate change impacts, ecosystem services, and human land use.
Furthermore, we calculate that if every conservation method – forest protection, reforestation, agricultural best management practices, riparian restoration and forest fuel reduction – was applied to cities around the world, total savings would amount to $890m£579m9m) per year.
For sinks, these include definitions of forest, afforestation, reforestation and deforestation under Articles 3.3, the inclusion of additional activities under Article 3.4, and progress on measurement and accounting issues for the land use change and forestry sector.
The county is well wooded; there are several state forests, and reforestation has been under way for many years.
In tropical forests, several reforestation programs have been created to recover biological diversity in deforested environments.
These results indicate that regardless of species richness and composition, secondary forests and reforestation lands are functionally different from pastures.
