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And because many forest landscapes are now transitioning towards patchworks of land uses owing to agricultural expansion, conservation interventions, urbanization, and other drivers, the ways in which forests support livelihoods are in flux leaving questions about potential shifts in their importance relatively unexplored.
Numerous studies on forest-livelihood nexus have demonstrated the critical role of forests in livelihood sustenance and diversification and as a pathway for poverty alleviation (Mamo et al. 2007; Vedeld et al. 2007; Uberhuaga et al. 2012; Mukul et al. 2016).
The gravity of hurricane effects on forests, livelihoods, and infrastructure is the product of social-political dynamics, land-use practices and decisions, and biophysical and meteorological factors that interact to make some societies more vulnerable than others to experiencing a hurricane event as a disaster.
Forests support the livelihoods of a vast number of people through subsistence use of products, such as food, fodder, and medicinal plants; cash income obtained from sale of products; and more indirect ecological benefits such as the contributions of forests and trees to agricultural productivity.
Behavioral factors, such as handling cattle (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.1, 95% CI 1.3 20.4) and frequent visits to forest for livelihood (aOR 4.8, 95% CI 1.2 20.3) and piles of dry leaves within the compounds of the house (aOR 4.1, 95% CI 1.3 12.3) were independently associated with illness.
New ways are being found to generate income with forest-related enterprises that enhance all the forest users' livelihoods.
The foundation supports students from remote tribal communities on a three-year sponsored programme, the aim of which is to empower the next generation to protect their forest and livelihoods through sustainable tourism.
About 1.6 billion people globally are substantially reliant on forests for livelihood sustenance (World Bank 2002).
In a study on forest based livelihoods in Himachal Pradesh, Gouri et al. (2004) reported that in two of the villages where apple cultivation was adopted 35 years ago, encroachment in forest areas for fruit production has reduced the forest cover to just 5%% in Kiari and 3%% in Dhadi Rawat village.
IYF recognizes the role of forests on livelihood, wildlife, climate change and folklore.
It proposes that in many countries, it may in the short run be easier to deal with the kinds of degradation that result from locally driven community over-exploitation of forest for livelihoods, than from selective logging or fire control.
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