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Coupled with milder conditions, more of it means a more robust biosphere with more forest, crops and ground cover for more animals and people - hardly a major threat.
Because forest crops are rarely irrigated (returns are too low for the capital cost invested), forest plantings on droughty sites require a careful selection of the species and the time for planting and an effective weed control program.
Genetic engineering and biotechnology have not been used commercially for trees and other forest crops.
It is worth remembering that nutrient removals by forest crops are typically only one-fifth to one-tenth that of arable farming, see Miller (1995).
It seemed necessary to take a global approach to the management and harvesting of such mountain forest crops so as to determine the most rational ways to operate in order to allow these crops to fulfil their various functions.
The various functions assigned to mountain forests can be fulfilled only by guaranteeing appropriate management, which consists of a series of operations directed at preserving or improving the structure of forest crops.
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The sites were located in landscapes with different proportions of non-crops, forest, perennial crops, annual crops, and number and sizes of arable fields.
Planting tree seedlings is one of the most costly investments in the production of a forest crop.
Protection of the stand against fire, insects, fungi, animals, and atmospheric disturbances is as much a part of silviculture as is harvesting, regenerating, and tending the forest crop.
The long-term nature of forest crop rotations makes it difficult to determine impacts of forestry on soil nutrients that might be depleted by forest growth.
Figure 14 Forest, Crop and Buildup Land cover.
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