Permanent plots of ∼2 3 ha each were randomly delimited for three shrublands, four savannas, two broad-leaved meadows and two areas of secondary forest (bush) sites.
Environ Health Perspect 123 959 964; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408436 Millions of people worldwide can potentially be exposed to seasonal high levels of smoke from forest (bush or wild) fires, making this an important public health problem.
Soot, dust and trace gases are released by biomass burning during forest, bush or rangeland clearance for agriculture.
Regarding vegetation cover, before the 1950s about 40% of Ethiopia was covered by forest, bushes and shrubs (MoNRDEP 1994).
The original land cover data comprises 22 categories, which we have aggregated into eight main land cover types: forests, open forests, bush and shrub, grassland, swidden agricultural fields, permanent agriculture, paddy rice, and other categories (rock, etc).
It should be noted, that the identified swidden agricultural fields comprise only the burnt plots, while any fallow swidden land would have to be found under open forests, bush, or grassland.
This involved digging wells, building roads and bridges, clearing forests, bushes and swamps and constructing fishing vessels.
Improved sanitation facilities Open defecation: Defecation in fields, forests, bushes, bodies of water or other open spaces, or disposal of human faeces with solid waste.
The majority of OD practices, referred to in national surveys as defecating in fields, forests, bushes, bodies of water or other open spaces, take place in rural areas of low-income countries.
This problem is especially severe in the savannah woodland forest where bush burning and bush fire occurs frequently during the dry season.
Eotragus was a small, solitary forest and bush dweller dependent on cover.
