Algeria left the forerunner of the EEC when it became independent in 1962; the 56,000 residents of Greenland departed in 1985; the French Caribbean colony of Saint Barthelemy (which, with nearly 10,000 inhabitants, has as roughly the same population as Glastonbury, in Somerset) formally exited the EU in 2012.
The GAA was effectively taken over by the revolutionary Irish Republican Brotherhood (forerunner of the IRA) in the late 1880s.
Working in Hut 8 at Bletchley Park, then the home of GCHQ's forerunner, the Government Code and Cypher School, Turing found a way of reading messages sent by the Germans, using a codebreaking machine called the bombe.
The conference is a forerunner to the all-important Paris meeting in December where countries hope to sign a global agreement on climate action.
This is the man who described the talks forum forerunner of the Good Friday agreement as the Fisher Price parliament, and whose pre-IRA disarmament Christmas request was a cartridge in a pear tree.
She remembers sitting down with her oud (the forerunner of the lute) in front of an audience in Lebanon, where the show is filmed, and where "nobody took me seriously".
In France, a recent tax break for equity investment was, extraordinarily, restricted to investment in French companies.Earlier this year a committee of "wise men" under the chairmanship of Baron Alexandre Lamfalussy, a former head of the European Monetary Institute (the forerunner of the European Central Bank), issued a report on the regulation of European securities markets.
The European Cup, forerunner of the Champions League, was first staged in 1956, a year before the Treaty of Rome gave birth to the European Economic Community EECC).
Written for EU finance ministers by Alexandre Lamfalussy, the first boss of the forerunner to the European Central Bank, it rejects the idea of a European SEC because it would take too long to establish.
Their faith in the party's economic competence had been shattered by a deep recession, a series of corporate scandals and Britain's forced exit from Europe's exchange-rate mechanism, a forerunner of the euro.
During the second world war she joined the Office of Strategic Services, the forerunner of the CIA, and was sent to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka); there she met Paul Child, a serious foodie as well as her first and last love.
