As yet the economic costs have been bearable, but the risks are high.James Reilly of the University of Sydney thinks that China's new posturing is a revival of an old practice known as economic statecraft, meaning it is deploying its wealth for strategic foreign-policy purposes.
As Sinan Ulgen of EDAM, a think-tank in Istanbul, argues, "Erdogan has hijacked foreign policy for domestic purposes".
So, if scientific and technological collaboration created for foreign policy and domestic purposes leads to poor outcomes, how does it work the other way around?
The kind of executive agreements to which Biden refers are a consistent feature of U.S. foreign policy important for purposes like basing U.S. troops abroad, protecting those soldiers from prosecution in foreign countries and enabling intelligence and defense cooperation with other governments.
He has demonstrated in this campaign that he will never use foreign policy for narrow partisan purposes.
Already the deterrent effect of the investigation on officials' willingness to discuss security and foreign policy issues, presumably one purpose of the leak crackdown, has been striking.
We commit ourselves to rebuilding the American military and returning to a foreign policy of strength and purpose and a renewed commitment to our allies.
In its report, the commission says: "There is a great deal of disquiet among the UK's diplomatic community that British foreign policy lacks a clear purpose, and that as a result there is an approach to the distribution of resources that lacks strategic coherence".
The central purpose of foreign policy is to maximize the nation's security and well-being.
