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Also, if genetic data for archaeological crop remains become available, it should become possible to obtain a clearer genetic signal of the first wave of dispersal, which would then help to distinguish it from the changes that occurred after this first wave (local divergence, foreign introductions, and hybridization).
These assessments showed a previously unknown feature of DENV-2 persistence: the endemic strain is recalcitrant to influences from frequent foreign introductions.
Crossing between domestically bred sugarcane accessions with foreign introductions may help enhance the genetic diversity level of sugarcane germplasm in China.
Our findings then show that subclade IB resulted from an introduced strain, as previously suggested by Bennett et al. (14 ), and successfully penetrated during a period of proportionally high incidence of foreign introductions.
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Louette et al. (1997) posited that if the foreign introduction had a complementary role, little or no reduction in the number of varieties planted would result.
Excluding PR79_1995_EU569708 as a possible foreign introduction, 18 aa differences distinguish isolates across clade I, 12 of which separate subclade IB from clade II and potentially could have been involved in the 1994 1997 lineage turnover.
But, foreign seed introductions are relatively rare outside northern Mexico (Table 1), and a low seed-diffusion rate in that region would curtail transgene dispersal through informal seed systems into other regions.
A classic example of foreign gene introduction in plants is expression of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxin genes in plants to protect them against some insects.
The baculovirus group of insect viruses is widely used for foreign gene introduction into mammalian cells for gene expression and protein production; however, the efficiency of baculovirus entry into mammalian cells is in general still low.
Phacoemulsification is a possible way of foreign body introduction into the eye.
Our modifications described here, including manipulating cloning sites for foreign gene introduction, enhance the ease of use.
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