Sentence examples for foreign chromosomes from inspiring English sources

Since the latter can include portions of foreign chromosomes, this process renders chromosomal mutations infectious (20 ).

Interspecific cell hybrids contain one or more foreign chromosomes that are assembled, replicated, transcribed and segregated by the host's proteins.

This method makes it possible to concurrently estimate the similarity of repeated sequences and chromosomal rearrangement (translocations) during evolution, detect interspecific and even intraspecific (interpopulation) polymorphisms, and identify foreign chromosomes and their segments in a particular genetic background.

Originally, when sporophytic lethals still did not accumulate in partial and/or permanent complex heterozygotes, the introduction of one or more beneficial foreign chromosomes into a stable genetic system by cross-pollination can lead to a steady improvement of the chromosome set, and potentially represents an effective form of adaptation.

However, the recent study of a transchromosomal mouse carrying human chromosome 21 showed that the foreign chromosome could be recognized and interpreted in the appropriate spatio-temporal manner by the host machinery.

Numerous examples of successful GISH applications in the analysis of hybrid genomes have been published, including in allopolyploids, lines with foreign substituted chromosomes, and translocation lines [ 14- 17].

Moreover, the stability of foreign gene in chromosome is better than that in plasmids [ 29].

Our observations are supported by a recent study in which artificial chromosomes with foreign genomic DNA were transformed into S. cerevisiae[ 60].

Consequently, over evolutionary time the continual introduction of foreign genes into bacterial chromosomes is expected to result in a highly chimeric genome.

Interestingly, the proteorhodopsin gene is positioned close to tRNA genes, which are known to act as targets for integration of foreign DNA into bacterial chromosomes (see e.g., Hacker and Kaper 2000; Juhas et al. 2009).

In 1990, it was first observed that large blocks of horizontally acquired foreign sequences occur in chromosomes of pathogenic bacteria, and those regions are highly correlated with pathogenicity [ 1- 3].