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The first debate involves how institutional distance affects foreign affiliate performance: some propose a negative and others a positive direct effect.
The United States chamber collects dues from its international members, and approves the creation of any new foreign affiliate.
Because smaller companies cannot spare the time or money needed to set up a sham foreign affiliate, big companies receive a disproportionate advantage in reaching global markets.
Nippon Television will become the first foreign affiliate of the NBC Newschannel, a 24-hour news service for stations affiliated with NBC.
Our results suggest that on average, the location probability of a representative R&D foreign affiliate increased with agglomeration economies from foreign R&D activities, human capital, proximity to centres of research excellence and the research and innovation capacity of the region.
The indictment, filed in Federal District Court in Birmingham, Ala., accuses Bill Harbert International, which is based there, and a foreign affiliate, Bilhar International Establishment, of participating in the scheme with an array of other companies.
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One of the most important is the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which prevents American firms or their foreign affiliates from using bribery to obtain contracts.
Many foreign affiliates, however, retained the Esso name.
However, to stimulate dividend repatriations from Japanese-owned foreign affiliates, the Japanese government introduced a foreign dividend exemption system in 2009 that exempted dividends remitted by Japanese-owned foreign affiliates to their parent firms from home-country taxation.
One aspect is that knowledge that is not completely appropriable by foreign affiliates abroad may spill over into domestic firms.
However, the positive effect diminishes as the geographical distance between the foreign affiliates and the host country firms increases.
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