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A higher income resulted in a lower probability of foregoing services, irrespective of the group (users and non-users).
> -wrap-foot> The association of the second type of coping strategy (i.e. foregoing services) with the selected characteristics of respondents was studied by means of a multinomial logistic regression (table 4).
For individuals with poor health relative to individuals with good health, the relative risk ratio of foregoing services is 1.7 and 3.1 for outpatient care and hospital care, respectively.
Romanian and, particularly, Ukrainian patients most often face difficulties to pay for health services (with approximately 40% of Ukrainian payers borrowing money or selling assets to cover hospital payments and approximately 60% of respondents who need care foregoing services).
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Two indicators of inability to pay were considered: the need to borrow money or sell assets and foregoing service utilization.
Individuals who are unable to pay use different coping strategies (e.g. borrowing money or foregoing service utilization), which can have negative consequences on their health and social welfare.
While some analysts argue that payday lenders are the least bad option, compared with bouncing a check or foregoing basic services, a new startup is launching today which obviates the need for either choice.
The association between the second indicator of inability to pay (foregoing health services) and respondents' characteristics is studied by means of multinomial logistic regression.
In contrast, the second strategy (i.e. foregoing health service utilization) is more often applied for outpatient care than for hospital services.
We focus on two key indicators of inability to pay: the need to borrow money and/or sell assets (representing strategies aimed at meeting health care costs) and foregoing health service utilization (a strategy to avoid costs).
Another drawback of our study is that we investigated only two types of behaviour (i.e. borrowing money/selling assets and foregoing health service utilization), whereas households might also use other strategies to deal with payment difficulties, such as cutting other expenses or using savings.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com