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MaxAPE measures largest forecasted error, expressed as a percentage.
MaxAE measures largest forecasted error, expressed in same units as of dependent series.
The calculated forecasted error (Eq. 5) for each observed data is: {text{FE}}_{i} = F_{i} - O_{i} (5 where: O i = observed value; F i = forecasted value.
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Majority of the forecasted errors are recorded in the lowest magnitude frequency band, to demonstrate the preciseness of the SaDE-ELM model.
(varepsilon^{Total} (t)) is the total wind power forecasting error of the wind farm when the forecasted average wind speed is completely accurate.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 show the forecasting error in comparison with observed values for all the forecasted weeks of the year for the north, centre and south of Italy, respectively.
If the actual average wind speed is taken as the forecasted average wind speed, the calculating error of total wind power would be the minimum forecasting error.
Assuming that the forecasted wind speed of wind turbine i is (v_{i}^{forecast} left( t right)) at time t, the actual wind speed is defined as: v_{i} left( t right) = v_{i}^{forecast} left( t right) - varepsilon_{i}^{forecast} left( t right) (24 where (varepsilon_{i}^{forecast} left( t right)) is the wind speed forecasting error of turbine i.
(Delta v_{i}^{forecast} (t)) is the spatial dispersion of the forecasted wind speeds, and (varepsilon_{i}^{forecast} (t)) is the forecasting errors of wind speeds.
Real measurements are used to update the forecasted temperatures every 15 min in this case so that the forecast errors will remain tolerable.
Forecast errors are shown for all forecasts Fig. 10 Sensitivity of forecasted life expectancy at birth of the LC-coherent model (right) and the proposed model (left) for Danish women (red) and men (blue) using the RC Sweden (solid lines) and, in addition, France, Italy, and Japan (dashed lines).
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