Whereas the control cell responded maximally to force stimuli in the positive direction (Fig. 7A, C), the mutant OHC responded best to negatively directed stimuli (Fig. 7B, D).
In the homozygous av3J/av3J and v2J/v2J OHCs, small transducer currents were observed at negative holding potentials, but in response to force stimuli directed away from the kinocilium, whilst larger transducer currents could be elicited at positive potentials.
In both cases, the term Asin(Ω t) can be viewed as a periodical forcing or stimulus injected in the extracellular environment [ 22, 45].
The application of a step force stimulus illustrates the high sensitivity of the hair cell model to static stimuli in the regime of irregular oscillations (Figure 11a).
In other words, the "affect" can be considered as the driving force, stimulus, or influence resulting in the "effect".
These currents were, surprisingly, in response to the negative phase of the sinusoidal force stimulus that would move the bundle away from the kinocilium.
PCA1 shows smaller fluorescence spectrum shifts (22 nm) under mechanical force stimuli.
Preliminary experiments demonstrated that the force-stimulus transducer did not influence MRI signal to noise ratio.
One of the five av3J/av3J OHCs had, when stimulated with larger sinusoidal force stimuli (45 V driver voltage amplitude), larger transducer currents in response to stimuli directed away from the kinocilium, also at negative membrane potentials.
Heterozygous +/av6J, +/av3J and +/v2J outer hair cells (OHCs) all responded with large transducer currents when the hair bundles were deflected in the positive direction (towards the kinocilium) using saturating force stimuli (Fig. 6A, D, G).
