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Forced manoeuvres may cause cough, by deformation of airway receptors.
The opening interrupter technique offers the additional advantage of simplicity and ease of application, being particularly useful in subjects unable to perform forced manoeuvres.
Resistance and compliance were determined with forced manoeuvres (volume of approximately 200 μl) on the basis of a single compartment model of the lungs as described previously [ 13].
Resistance (Newtonian resistance, Rn), tissue damping (G), and tissue elastance (H) were determined with forced manoeuvres on the basis of a constant phase model of the lungs as described previously [ 18].
On day 25 mice were terminally anaesthetized, with 90 mg·kg−1 i.p. pentobarbital sodium (CEVA, Libourne, France), prior to either assessment of airflow limitation using forced manoeuvres (Buxco, Abington, UK) or AHR using Flexivent (Scireq, Montreal, Canada) and then a common step of exsanguination and BAL with PBS.
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The forced inspiratory manoeuvres were always done after forced expiratory manoeuvres.
Manoeuvres are performed in triplicate, although up to five forced expiratory manoeuvres are obtained in an effort to achieve three acceptable efforts.
Forced expiratory manoeuvres were performed with the respondent seated with recommended guidelines and standardisation of procedures: at least three acceptable manoeuvres, with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) reproducible within 200 ml.
Inability to perform forced expiration manoeuvres, either pre-treatment or post-treatment, excluded any patient from enrolment.
Asthmatics who present to the emergency department (ED) with acute attacks of asthma are often required to perform forced expiration manoeuvres to assess the degree of airway obstruction and thereby the severity of the attack.
Forced spirometry manoeuvres were performed after the body plethysmography measurements.
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