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Optimum current density of 8 Kamp, holding time after welding of 40 cycle, 16 cycle welding time and 5 kN electrode force were defined as the optimum parameters to join the sheets.
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And the cutting force is defined as the force component along the cutting direction.
The bracing force is defined as a function (linear or non-linear) of the lateral sway.
The polishing force is defined as the resultant force of the contact force and kinetic friction force.
The friction force is defined as a nonlinear function of the drive velocity and allows for self-excitation.
The tangential force and thrust force are defined as the force component parallel to the [-100] direction and perpendicular to the (010) surface, respectively.
The thermal driving force is defined as the difference between the probe temperature and the initial fluid temperature and well known in our system.
Non-linear penetration stiffness and an average penetration resistance force are defined to quantify the average penetration resistance of each material.
The sum of square errors between the predicted and measured response is then defined as the objective function, while the amplitude and the location of the unknown impact force are defined as design variables.
A three-point bending test is performed to obtain the characteristic curves of the plates and a "free deflection" as well as a "blocking force" are defined as relevant parameters.
Taking into consideration a classical mechanics approach, a force is defined as a vectorial quantity that acts on a body to cause a change in its state of motion [35].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com