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Force volume (FV) imaging was utilized to map the adhesion of the fabricated substrates with high-resolution.
Using force volume nanoindentation, the stiffness of the resin region near the finished fiber surface was found to not depend on the distance from the fiber surface.
Furthermore, the information in the force volume measurement was decoupled from topographic data offering new insights into the materials' surface and mechanical properties of hybrid nanocomposites.
It is shown here using an approach we call spectral force analysis (SFA), based on force volume imaging of the surface with atomic force microscopy, that the behavior of surfaces and coatings can be better understood relative to bacterial adhesion.
We investigated surface topography, chain ordering, residual stress distribution, force curves and force volume imaging using micro-Raman spectroscopy, Raman mapping, atomic force microscopy and force spectroscopy gaining insights into structural and interfacial bonding, conjugation length distribution, and intermolecular forces.
Traditional force curves measure the force felt by the tip as it approaches and retracts from a point on the sample surface (i.e. tip-sample adhesion force), whereas force volume is an array of force curves over an extended sample area.
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Individual Force Volumes presented local differences of stiffness depending on the sampled region of the cytoplasm.
BMI body mass index, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC forced volume capacity, AHI apnoea-hypopnoea index.
Two airflow obstruction parameters were accessed: forced expiratory volume in the first second as percentage from predicted (FEV1 %pred) and FEV1 divided by the forced volume vital capacity.
cFVC: forced volume capacity, defined as an average of two values in the year preceding time of pneumococcus isolation.
Data are presented as mean ± SD; BMI body mass index, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC forced volume capacity, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker.
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