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Using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and atomic force scans (AFM force scans) techniques, we explored the changes in surface topography and mechanical properties of this new photo-switchable hydrogel in its different stages, i.e. photo-crosslinked and photo-cleaved, and a hydrogel created by crosslinking of the previously photo-cleaved one.
Adhesion only takes place in the second and fifth force scans, and it is a single molecule breakage.
The AFM force scans provide information about the individual bond strengths as well as the force and work that is required to separate the entire complex.
The force scan of a resting cell has fewer bonds formed and a smaller area of de-adhesion and detachment force than force scans of cells treated with agents promoting adhesion.
This would lead to a greater degree of spreading by these cells during AFM force measurements and offered an explanation for the large work of de-adhesion that was observed with the force scans of the PMA- treated cells (Fig. 5D) (2).
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b Atomic force scanning of magnetic gold nanoparticles.
Collagen films were then structurally characterized by atomic force, scanning electron and fluorescent microscopies.
Evaluations were performed with nanoindentation-based atomic force, scanning and transmission electron microscopies.
Then, the feedback loop was closed and the PZT actuator drove the sample moving in the x- and y-direction, and nano grooves were scratched under the constant set normal force, scan speed, and repeated times for scratch [26].
The work of de-adhesion is represented by the shaded area of the first force scan of Figure 4A.
The last force scan of Figure 4A represents an ICAM-1/LFA-1 inthatction thad had been blocked with an antibody.
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