In general, magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) refers to any transportation system in which vehicles are suspended, guided and propelled by non-contact electromagnetic forces in lieu of conventional engines.
They were excluded from most of the rules imposed on other noble castes and exempted from fanampoana (forced labor in lieu of monetary tax payment).
Popular anger was especially aroused by its policies of forced labor in lieu of taxes, involuntary conscription into the army to fight in World War II, and the required contribution of large quantities of rice per head annually.
The Malagasy crown agreed to pay ten million francs to France to settle the dispute, a sum that was partly raised through the unpopular decision to increase fanampoana (forced labor in lieu of cash taxes) to mobilize the populace in panning for gold in the kingdom's rivers.
At the turn of the 19th century, King Andrianampoinimerina (1787 1810) successfully united these fractious Merina groups under his rule, then used slaves and forced labor exacted in lieu of taxes for those without means to offer material payment to systematically work the irrigated rice fields around Antananarivo.
These forces would serve in lieu of American troops.
They're about love, not romance resolved, but the love of parents (and of an unwilling community forced to act in lieu of parents) for children.
Set in 17th-century America, its central character, Florens, is a Morrison heroine through and through, a slave girl forced upon a trader in lieu of a debt.
(This came about in lieu of forcing participants to eat their chocolates, which the researchers decided was "not ethically justifiable").
Somehow, the element of distance and forced imagination — a mental representation in lieu of the real thing, something that the psychologists Wendi Gardner and Cindy Pickett call "social snacking" — had an anesthetic effectâ one we might expect to carry through to an entire network of pictures of friends.
