Material properties (modulus, cutting force, and frictional force) were extracted using mechanical analysis.
For each support phase the vertical peak force was extracted and divided by body weight to allow for comparison between individuals (relative maximal vertical reaction force = rel Fz max; expressed as the number of times bodyweight).
Internal forces are based on the local curvature of the surface and external forces are extracted from the volumetric image data by applying an appropriate edge filter.
The responses of peak boundary reaction forces were extracted from numerical results to further examine the effectiveness of multi-arch panels against uniform impulsive loadings.
Discrete variables (peak joint angles, joint range of motion, peak joint moments, peak ground reaction forces) were extracted from each individual trial and averaged for each player.
Lastly, quantitative force values are extracted from force distributions at all frequencies of the band 0 4 kHz studied and compared with the force spectrum measured directly by a piezoelectric sensor.
The algorithm flow chart is shown in Fig. 2, where atomic force data are extracted from the Green's function molecular dynamics simulation.
In post-processing, the fluctuations of the PVC and forced structures are extracted from the data exploiting their respective symmetries.
The atmospheric forcing data are extracted from North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) products originally at 32-km spatial resolution and 3-hour temporal resolution.
In practice, such a PMFS and the target immobilized on magnetic particles are mixed to initiate competitive binding; target-ligand complexes in equilibrium are recovered via magnetic force; bound ligands are extracted with suitable solvent(s) and concentrated according to a preset concentration ratio.
