Like those of the Old World, these North American oak-dominated rangelands support hundreds of native species and provide countless human benefits including open space, watershed protection, forage provision, locally produced food, and preservation of a livestock ranching tradition valued by society [40], [42].
It thus seems reasonable to assume that all colonies that we collected represented well-functioning entities of ant forage-provisioning and induced garden enzyme-activity, consistent with ANOVAs showing that both ant-species and fungal species had significant overall effects on garden enzyme activity spectra.
Most solitary bees typically forage and provision offspring and have no further interaction or investment in offspring [ 11].
Cornwallis was sensitive to the fact that Tipu was likely to deny the invading army access to local forage and provisions, and made arrangements for a large supply of provisions, and arranged for the use of elephants to assist in the movement of the army's siege equipment.
He noted that Morgan's men expected to take horses, forage and provisions as needed from farmers in Indiana and Ohio, but the Confederates also took store goods, personal items, and even bird cages — items that had no military value.
During the remaining winter months, both sides skirmished frequently as the British sought forage and provisions.
What a "wintry mix" does is make you want to stay home — or perhaps go into the world foraging for provisions simply for the pleasure of getting home again.
We studied the effects of habitat amount and configuration on the foraging behaviour, provisioning rates and physiological condition of breeding male northern saw-whet owls (Aegolius acadicus) nesting in the fragmented aspen parkland of central Alberta, Canada.
If multiple females are present, these foundresses form a dominance hierarchy with dominant foundresses (with large ovaries) taking over egg-laying and subordinate foundresses (with small ovaries) taking over foraging and provisioning of larvae [ 15].
However, the nest cycle is organised in a sequence of active and inactive periods [ 10], and only during approximately half of this time foraging and provisioning is observed [ 26].
Another hypothesis is that behaviour-related gene expression in dwarf eldest daughters might reflect precocious foraging; thus expression profiles would most closely match spring mothers that actively forage and mass provision offspring after overwintering from the previous season.
