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In animal evolution, the rise of multicellularity (especially the occurrence of Bilateria) is a key transition, for which signalling systems are a prerequisite [35].
While questions about the likely origin of all proteins and transcripts in exudates remain, it is most critical for those for which signalling roles have been postulated.
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We present a model for which signal generation in the presence of these interfering terms results from two mechanisms: structural relaxation induced resonance and dephasing-induced resonance.
This is indeed the case for LMC output, for which signal-to-noise ratio increases over stimulation, while the signal-to-noise ratio of the naturalistic stimulus remains constant (Fig. 5).
Long term practice of using microarray and RT-PCR technology has created a perception that a gene for which signal has the same intensity as ambient noise is not expressed.
In all experiments described below we studied independent triplicates or quadruplicates and based analysis on those cDNAs for which signals are classified as "Present" in each sample, using the MAS5 algorithm.
Spots for which signal was less than 100 in both channels were not used.
These instances may thus comprise borderline cases for which signal peptide prediction is ambiguous.
The number of probe sets for which signal intensity changed by more that twofold is indicated in each scatter plot.
Only spots for which signal intensities were greater than 1.4-fold, compared to those of the local background, were normalized using the lowess and quantile method to eliminate intensity bias [ 40, 41].
A summary volcano plot of the 26,259 genes for which signal was measured shows the range of differential expression between control and hypoxic stress experiments, with multiple genes passing more than two-fold change and P < 0.01 significance criteria.
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