Potato (Solanum tuberosum L). late blight resistance is typically a trait for which meta-analysis can be applied.
Given the very large heterogeneity that may be encountered in observational studies, often meta-analysis may not be done in systematic reviews of observational studies, whereas this problem occurs much less frequently in systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials, for which meta-analysis is the norm, especially when interventions are drugs or vitamins.
For the three outcomes for which meta-analyses were possible for both criteria (large for gestational age, preeclampsia and cesarean delivery), the magnitude of the effects were similar for the WHO and the IADPSG criteria (1.53 vs. 1.73; 1.69 vs. 1.71; 1.37 vs. 1.23, respectively), although the inconsistency across studies limited aggregate estimation for the IADPSG criteria.
23 We specifically identified outcomes for which meta-analyses of observational studies showed nominally significant associations (at P≤0.05), did not have large between study heterogeneity, were based on evidence from more than 500 cases (or more than 5000 total participants if the type of metric was continuous), and showed no evidence of small study effects or excess significance.
For normal data which meta-analysis would commonly assume, all three methods provide a nearly unbiased estimate of the true sample mean.
OsACDR1/LOC_Os03g06410, for which present meta-analysis revealed induction under BPH infection, encodes a putative Raf-like mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) and plays a positive regulatory role against fungal infection by modulating defense related gene expression (Kim et al. 2009).
Of the five outcomes examined, mortality was the only endpoint for which a meta-analysis was feasible.
This approach was most appropriate to the nature of the data, for which traditional meta-analysis was not applicable.
To address this potential for bias, we have re-evaluated 3 phenotypes for which extensive meta-analyses of genome-wide association (GWA) findings exist [ 62- 64].
In addition, we evaluated factors influencing BMD variation like sex, age, BMI and glucose control (HbA1c levels) for which a meta-regression was performed to evaluate potential mechanisms by which T2DM influences BMD variation.
Of the seven outcomes examined, in-hospital all-cause mortality was the only endpoint for which a meta-analysis was feasible; when only ICU mortality was reported, those data were included in the analysis of in-hospital mortality.
