One might expect this fluctuation-driven effect to decrease in larger populations, for which fluctuations in population size become smaller relative to the total.
The classical view on eukaryotic gene expression proposes the scheme of a forward flow for which fluctuations in mRNA levels upon a stimulus contribute to determine variations in mRNA availability for translation.
What is particularly evident is that the galleries into which the PVA-mers first intercalate are those for which fluctuations in the clay sheet, due to its elastic properties, cause the edge of the gallery to widen significantly beyond the notional average d-spacing.
Tandem duplication events have a tendency to be retained when involving genes for which fluctuation in copy number is unlikely to affect downstream genes, such as those at the end of or in flexible steps of pathways [ 76].
In light of reduced travel, fuel costs could rise and put the squeeze on smaller airlines, for which upward fluctuations in fuel prices have a profound impact on the bottom line.
In Fig. 5d f, the times for the measurements are displayed in the time series for each component in the top panels, by vertical chained lines with the same colors as the spatial profiles, for which the fluctuations are positively or negatively peaked in the time series.
But perhaps there are conditions (parameter values) for which these fluctuations are minimised, which is what we want to investigate.
However, we manipulated only variables for which high fluctuations from one year to another were not to be expected (e.g. HDI or GINI).
Note that, in this interpretation, the width of the selection function is inversely proportional to the time for which fitness fluctuations are maintained.
In addition, the hypothesis of an increase in all-cancer risk would not dispense with the requirement that cancer-specific results have to be consistent across studies, especially in the case of more common cancers, such as lung cancer, for which random fluctuation can hardly be invoked as cause for the lack of consistency.
Most studies have used single-component GUVs (e.g. POPC), and until now, the most complex lipid systems, for which thermal fluctuation analysis has been performed, are restricted to egg phosphatidylcholines (Faucon et al., 1989) and red blood cells (Méléard et al., 1997).
