To achieve the necessary long-term virus suppression, we believe that CARs must be designed for optimal potency and anti-HIV specificity, and also for minimal probability of virus escape and CAR immunogenicity.
Given the risk of virus escape mutants, engineering antibodies that target mutationally constrained epitopes with therapeutically relevant potencies can be valuable for combating future outbreaks.
Interestingly, the H5 epitope for the human antibody AVFluIgG03 overlaps with epitopes recognized by mouse mAbs on a mouse-adapted duck H5N2 virus (A/Mallard/Pennsylvania/10218/84) identified by the sequence analysis of virus escape mutants [29], [30].
We are confident that such an approach will serve as a powerful tool to directly study intracellular trafficking of a virus, signaling events occurring on endosomal membranes, and dynamics of molecular events within endosomes that are crucial for uncoating and virus escape into the cytosol.
Mutation rate tends to be lower for latent viruses than for viruses that escape immune attack by rapidly mutating to outpace the host's immune response (e.g., HIV [ 2, 31 ]).
Writers worried about the virus escaping inadvertently -- for example, if a laboratory worker fell ill and then sneezed in a crowded restaurant, a la the movie Contagion.
For the scenarios in which vaccine uptake varied according to distance from the 2007 affected area, the model predictions were similar to those assuming high levels (95%) of uptake everywhere, except for certain replicates where the virus escaped the high uptake area resulting in higher incidence and greater spread (Figures 1I,J and 2I,J; cf. Figures 1G,H and 2G,H).
Then the virus escaped to other bacteria.
HIV-1 viruses from 6 months postinfection were more resistant to CD8-mediated virus inhibition than cognate T/F viruses, demonstrating that the virus escapes early from CD8 T cell-mediated inhibition of virus replication.
