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For example in a 4-hr pre-visit exposure, an IQR increase in BC was associated with changes of −4.8%95%5% PI: -14.8 to 6.3%) in HF for BLMM as compare to a 0.1% change (95% PI: -19.0 to 25.0%) in Parasympathetic tone for an IQR increase in BC (reference pollutant for traffic pollution) for SEM.
These associations held after adjusting for traffic pollution.
We studied distance to road in the year 2000 as a proxy for traffic pollution exposure.
We chose HF as the reference scale for Parasympathetic tone and BC as the reference scale for Traffic pollution.
The use of NO2 as a marker for traffic pollution may, however, hide complex chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere.
First, we created buffers of 50 m and 100 m from major roadways to proxy for traffic pollution exposure based on the DMTI spatial data coverage (DMTI Spatial, Markham, ON).
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For the effect of traffic pollution on both LF/HF and the latent parasympathetic tone, exposure periods were assessed using 4-hr, 24-hr, 48-hr and 72-hr moving average pre-visit, given results from previous studies that show effects at similar exposure windows [ 4, 11].
The exhaust components nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) served as surrogates for local traffic pollution in the model.
An important question to address for the traffic pollution studies is potential confounding by road traffic noise, which has been shown to be related to cardiovascular disease including MI as well.
Table 3 also presents the estimated percent change in LF/HF, a marker of sympathetic tone, per IQR increase in BC (reference pollutant of latent traffic pollution) for various hourly-moving averages.
Based on this approach a mobile phone tracking system has the potential of being highly competitive economically for population-wide traffic pollution health studies.
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